CarbonTracker Europe

What's Different

What's the difference to CarbonTracker for North America (I)?
CarbonTracker North America and CarbonTracker Europe are made by two separate, but collaborating, teams of researchers in the United States and Europe. CarbonTracker North America was first released in 2007, while the first release of CarbonTracker Europe was in 2009.

What's the difference to CarbonTracker for North America (II)?
There are also differences in the way the system was set-up for both products. These are listed below:

CT Europe uses a different set of CO2 mole fraction observations compared to CT North America
CT Europe uses a TM5 two-way nested transport grid over Europe as well as over North America
CT Europe uses a different product for fossil fuel emissions
CT Europe has an increased number of 'gridded' statevector elements (9835 grid elements instead of 240 ecoregions) for which weekly parameters are optimized
CT Europe had the SIBCASA-GFED4 biosphere and fire emissions, while CT North America uses CASA-GFED2/GFED3 and climatological extensions thereof.
CT North America uses a larger a-priori flux uncertainty on land regions (~2x)

How do flux estimates from CarbonTracker Europe compare with other releases?

The tables below summarize the estimated surface fluxes for combined natural sources (Table 1) derived from the current CarbonTracker Europe release (CTE2018) and the previous ones (CTE2016, CTE2015, CTE2014). The uncertainty in the estimates is the one standard deviation from the filter estimate. Units are PgC/yr (1015 gC/year, or billion metric ton C/year, or 3.7 billion metric ton CO2/year).

Table 1: Average natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) estimated from CTE2018, CTE2016, CTE2015 and CTE2014 for the overlapping period 2001-2013. The uncertainty is the one standard deviation from the filter estimate. Units are PgC/yr.
	2001-2013
Transcom region	CTE2014	CTE2015	CTE2016	CTE2018
North American Boreal	-0.10 ± 0.27	-0.26 ± 0.23	-0.27 ± 0.24	-0.20 ± 0.23
North American Temperate	-0.28 ± 0.49	-0.23 ± 0.40	-0.29 ± 0.42	-0.21 ± 0.41
South American Tropical	-0.04 ± 0.45	-0.07 ± 0.33	+0.06 ± 0.35	+0.06 ± 0.33
South American Temperate	+0.04 ± 0.51	-0.00 ± 0.43	-0.02 ± 0.46	-0.00 ± 0.44
Northern Africa	-0.14 ± 0.46	-0.12 ± 0.43	-0.13 ± 0.45	-0.11 ± 0.43
Southern Africa	+0.03 ± 0.50	+0.13 ± 0.42	+0.09 ± 0.48	+0.09 ± 0.46
Eurasia Boreal	-0.53 ± 0.78	-0.78 ± 0.69	-0.82 ± 0.75	-0.85 ± 0.73
Eurasia Temperate	-0.34 ± 0.62	-0.32 ± 0.54	-0.34 ± 0.58	-0.32 ± 0.56
Tropical Asia	-0.04 ± 0.22	-0.03 ± 0.14	-0.04 ± 0.15	-0.06 ± 0.14
Australia	+0.01 ± 0.19	+0.00 ± 0.18	-0.01 ± 0.19	-0.00 ± 0.18
Europe	-0.05 ± 0.49	+0.09 ± 0.41	-0.13 ± 0.48	-0.15 ± 0.46
North Pacific Temperate	-0.49 ± 0.28	-0.44 ± 0.24	-0.49 ± 0.26	-0.47 ± 0.25
West Pacific Tropical	+0.00 ± 0.01	+0.00 ± 0.01	+0.00 ± 0.01	+0.00 ± 0.01
East Pacific Tropical	+0.35 ± 0.15	+0.32 ± 0.14	+0.35 ± 0.15	+0.32 ± 0.14
South Pacific Temperate	-0.54 ± 0.30	-0.55 ± 0.27	-0.57 ± 0.29	-0.62 ± 0.28
Northern Ocean	-0.27 ± 0.14	-0.25 ± 0.12	-0.29 ± 0.13	-0.32 ± 0.13
North Atlantic Temperate	-0.43 ± 0.29	-0.41 ± 0.25	-0.42 ± 0.26	-0.42 ± 0.25
Atlantic Tropical	+0.18 ± 0.10	+0.17 ± 0.09	+0.18 ± 0.10	+0.18 ± 0.09
South Atlantic Temperate	-0.21 ± 0.16	-0.28 ± 0.14	-0.21 ± 0.16	-0.19 ± 0.16
Southern Ocean	-0.31 ± 0.22	-0.26 ± 0.19	-0.29 ± 0.21	-0.31 ± 0.20
Indian Tropical	+0.14 ± 0.08	+0.15 ± 0.07	+0.14 ± 0.08	+0.15 ± 0.08
Indian Temperate	-0.68 ± 0.16	-0.69 ± 0.14	-0.72 ± 0.15	-0.71 ± 0.15
Non-optimized	-0.00 ± 0.00	-0.00 ± 0.00	-0.00 ± 0.00	-0.00 ± 0.00

Table 2: Average natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) estimated from CTE2018, CTE2016, CTE2015 and CTE2014 for the overlapping period 2001-2013. The uncertainty is the one standard deviation from the filter estimate. Units are PgC/yr.
	2001-2013
Transcom region	CTE2014	CTE2015	CTE2016	CTE2018
Northern Land	-1.42 ± 1.28	-1.52 ± 1.04	-1.85 ± 1.13	-1.73 ± 1.10
Northern Oceans	-1.17 ± 0.45	-1.10 ± 0.38	-1.20 ± 0.40	-1.21 ± 0.38
Northern	-2.59 ± 1.36	-2.61 ± 1.11	-3.05 ± 1.20	-2.95 ± 1.16
Tropical Land	-0.25 ± 0.71	-0.22 ± 0.56	-0.12 ± 0.59	-0.11 ± 0.56
Tropical Ocean	+0.68 ± 0.23	+0.64 ± 0.20	+0.68 ± 0.22	+0.65 ± 0.21
Tropical	+0.43 ± 0.74	+0.42 ± 0.60	+0.56 ± 0.63	+0.54 ± 0.60
Southern Land	+0.13 ± 0.75	+0.14 ± 0.63	+0.05 ± 0.69	+0.09 ± 0.66
Ocean in South	-1.76 ± 0.45	-1.79 ± 0.38	-1.78 ± 0.42	-1.83 ± 0.40
Southern	-1.63 ± 0.87	-1.65 ± 0.73	-1.73 ± 0.81	-1.73 ± 0.77
Americas	-0.40 ± 0.92	-0.56 ± 0.70	-0.52 ± 0.75	-0.35 ± 0.72
Atlantic and Arctic	-0.72 ± 0.42	-0.77 ± 0.34	-0.74 ± 0.38	-0.76 ± 0.36
Eurasia and Africa	-0.20 ± 0.86	+0.09 ± 0.73	-0.17 ± 0.82	-0.17 ± 0.78
Indian Ocean	-0.55 ± 0.18	-0.54 ± 0.16	-0.58 ± 0.17	-0.56 ± 0.16
Asia	-0.94 ± 1.07	-1.13 ± 0.90	-1.22 ± 0.96	-1.23 ± 0.93
Pacific Ocean	-0.68 ± 0.43	-0.67 ± 0.37	-0.71 ± 0.39	-0.76 ± 0.38
All Land	-1.54 ± 1.64	-1.60 ± 1.34	-1.91 ± 1.45	-1.75 ± 1.40
All Ocean	-2.26 ± 0.77	-2.25 ± 0.64	-2.31 ± 0.70	-2.39 ± 0.67
Global	-3.80 ± 1.81	-3.85 ± 1.49	-4.22 ± 1.61	-4.14 ± 1.55
North America	-0.42 ± 0.60	-0.50 ± 0.45	-0.56 ± 0.47	-0.41 ± 0.46
Extratropical Eurasia	-1.00 ± 1.14	-1.02 ± 0.95	-1.29 ± 1.03	-1.33 ± 1.00
Temperate Northern Ocean	-0.91 ± 0.44	-0.84 ± 0.36	-0.91 ± 0.38	-0.89 ± 0.37
Temperate Southern Ocean	-1.45 ± 0.42	-1.53 ± 0.36	-1.50 ± 0.40	-1.52 ± 0.39
Tropical and Southern Land	-0.12 ± 1.02	-0.08 ± 0.84	-0.06 ± 0.91	-0.02 ± 0.87
Tropical Pacific	+0.35 ± 0.16	+0.32 ± 0.14	+0.35 ± 0.15	+0.33 ± 0.14
Temperate Oceans	-2.36 ± 0.58	-2.37 ± 0.48	-2.41 ± 0.52	-2.41 ± 0.50
High Latitude Oceans	-0.57 ± 0.26	-0.52 ± 0.22	-0.58 ± 0.24	-0.63 ± 0.22
Extratropical Oceans	-2.94 ± 0.69	-2.89 ± 0.57	-2.98 ± 0.62	-3.04 ± 0.59
Tropical and Southern Oceans	-1.09 ± 0.58	-1.15 ± 0.49	-1.10 ± 0.54	-1.18 ± 0.52
Northern Boreal Land	-0.67 ± 0.87	-1.04 ± 0.73	-1.09 ± 0.78	-1.05 ± 0.76
Northern Temperate Land	-0.75 ± 0.99	-0.47 ± 0.78	-0.75 ± 0.86	-0.69 ± 0.83
Tropical land minus northern land	+1.17 ± 1.47	+1.29 ± 1.19	+1.73 ± 1.28	+1.62 ± 1.23
High North Ocean and Boreal Land	-0.93 ± 0.88	-1.30 ± 0.74	-1.38 ± 0.79	-1.37 ± 0.77
Northern Temperate Land and Ocean	-1.66 ± 1.08	-1.32 ± 0.86	-1.67 ± 0.94	-1.58 ± 0.91
Southern Temperate Land and Ocean	-1.32 ± 0.86	-1.39 ± 0.72	-1.44 ± 0.80	-1.43 ± 0.76
Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean	-1.21 ± 1.18	-1.24 ± 0.97	-1.17 ± 1.06	-1.20 ± 1.01
Tropics and south minus north	+1.38 ± 1.79	+1.38 ± 1.47	+1.88 ± 1.59	+1.75 ± 1.53
Tropical and southern land minus northern land	+1.30 ± 1.64	+1.43 ± 1.34	+1.78 ± 1.45	+1.71 ± 1.40